This article is about the Filipino geral. For the Spanish footballer, see Antonio Luna (footballer). For the Philippine Navy ship, see BRP G. Antonio Luna (PG-141).
Antonio Narciso Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta (Spanish: [anˈtonjo ˈluna]; October 29, 1866 – June 5, 1899) was a Filipino army geral who fought in the Philippine–American War before his assassination on June 5, 1899 at the age of 32.
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Regarded as one of the fiercest gerals of his time, he succeeded Artemio Ricarte as the Commanding Geral of the Philippine Army. He sought to apply his background in military scice to the fledgling army. A sharpshooter himself, he organized professional guerrilla soldiers later named the Luna Sharpshooters and the Black Guard with Syor Michael Joaquin. His three-tier defse, now known as the Luna Defse Line, gave the American troops a difficult deavor during their campaign in the provinces north of Manila. This defse line culminated in the creation of a military stronghold in the Cordillera.
Goyo: The Boy General
Despite his commitmt to discipline the army and serve the Republic which attracted the admiration of people, his temper and fiery outlashes caused some to abhor him, including people from Aguinaldo's Cabinet.
Nevertheless, Luna's efforts were not without recognition during his time, for he was awarded the Philippine Republic Medal in 1899. He was also a member of the Malolos Congress.
Antonio Narciso Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta was born on October 29, 1866, at their house along Calle Urbiztondo (ramed Barraca Street) in Binondo (now part of San Nicolas), Manila. He was the youngest of sev childr of Joaquín Luna de San Pedro y Posadas (1829–1891) from Badoc and Spanish mestiza Laureana Novicio y Ancheta (1836–1906) from Namacpacan, La Union (now Luna).
Pinas: Si Luna At Ang Macabebe
His older brother, Juan, was an accomplished painter who studied in the Madrid Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. His Spoliarium garnered one of the three gold medals awarded in the Madrid Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes in 1884. Another brother, José, became a doctor.
Luna (sitting, 2nd from left) and some of his scholars of Sala de Armas, a fcing club which was located in Sampaloc, Manila
After his education under Maestro Intong, he studied at the Ateo Municipal de Manila, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1881.
Gregorio Del Pilar
He wt on to study literature and chemistry at the University of Santo Tomas, where he won first prize for a paper in chemistry titled Two Fundamtal Bodies of Chemistry (Dos Cuerpos fundamtales de la Quimica). He also studied Pharmacy. Meanwhile, his background in swordsmanship, fcing, and military tactics came from his studies under Don Martin Cartaga, a major in the Spanish Army.
In addition, he acquired the skill to become a sharpshooter. Upon the invitation of his elder brother Juan in 1890, Antonio was st by his parts to Spain. There he acquired a lictiate (at Universidad de Barcelona) and doctorate (at Universidad Ctral de Madrid).
Luna was active as a researcher in the scitific community. After receiving his doctorate in 1893, he published a scitific treatise on malaria titled On Malarial Pathology (El Hematozoario del Paludismo), which was favorably received in the scitific community.
Banghay Ng Buhay Ni Heneral Luna
He th wt to Belgium and France and worked as an assistant to Dr. Latteaux at the Pasteur Institute and to Dr. Laff. In recognition of his ability, he was commissioned by the Spanish governmt to study tropical and communicable diseases.
In 1894, he returned to the Philippines where he took part in an examination to determine who would become the chief chemist of the Municipal Laboratory of Manila. Luna came in first and won the position.
In Spain, he became one of the Filipino expatriates who mounted the Propaganda Movemt and wrote for La Solidaridad, headed by Galicano Apacible. He wrote a piece titled Impressions which dealt with Spanish customs and idiosyncrasies under the p-name Taga-ilog. Also, like many of the Filipino liberals in Spain, Luna became a Freemason and rose to the degree of Master Mason.
Heneral Luna Wps Office.docx
Wh he learned of the underground societies that were planning a revolution and was asked to join, he scoffed at the idea and turned down the offer. Like other Filipino émigrés involved in the Reform Movemt, he was in favor of reform rather than revolution as the way toward indepdce.
Nevertheless, after the existce of the Katipunan was leaked in August 1896, the Luna brothers were arrested and jailed in Fort Santiago for participating in the revolution.
His statemt concerning the revolution was one of the many statemts used to abet the laying down of the death stce for José Rizal. Months later, José and Juan were freed but Antonio was exiled to Spain in 1897, where he was imprisoned in Madrid's Cárcel Modelo.
Quotable Quotes From Heneral Luna
His more famous and controversial brother, Juan, who had be pardoned by the Spanish Que Regt Maria Christina of Austria herself, left for Spain to use his influce to intercede for Antonio in August 1897. Antonio's case was dismissed by the Military Supreme Court and he was released.
Upon his release in December 1897, Luna studied field fortifications, guerrilla warfare, organization, and other aspects of military scice under Gerard Leman, who would later be the commanding geral of the fortress at Liège.
The second phase of the revolution began with the return of Emilio Aguinaldo and the Dictatorial Governmt of the Philippines by the US Navy to Cavite in 1898.
Mga Bayani Ng Pilipinas
Upon arriving in Hong Kong, he was giv a letter of recommdation to Aguinaldo and a revolver by Felipe Agoncillo. He returned to the Philippines in July 1898.
Boustead was reportedly infatuated with Rizal. At a party held by Filipinos, a drunk Antonio Luna made unsavory remarks against Boustead. This prompted Rizal to challge Luna to a duel. However, Luna apologized to Rizal, thus averting a duel betwe the compatriots.
Since June 1898, Manila had be surrounded by the revolutionary troops. Colonel Luciano San Miguel occupied Mandaluyong, Geral Pío del Pilar, Makati, Geral Mariano Noriel, Parañaque, Colonel rique Pacheco, Navotas, Tambobong and Caloocan. Geral Gregorio del Pilar marched through Sampaloc, taking Tondo, Divisoria, and Azcárraga, Noriel cleared Singalong and Paco, and held Ermita and Malate.
Ang Romansa At Trahedya Ni Heneral Antonio Luna
Luna thought the Filipinos should ter Intramuros to have joint occupation of the walled city. But Aguinaldo, heeding the advice of Geral Wesley Merritt and Commodore (later Admiral) George Dewey, whose fleet had moored in Manila Bay, st Luna to the trches where he ordered his troops to fire on the Americans. After the chaos following the American occupation, at a meeting in Ermita, Luna tried to complain to American officers about the disorderly conduct of their soldiers.
To silce Luna, Aguinaldo appointed him as Chief of War Operations on September 26, 1898, and assigned the rank of brigadier geral. In quick succession, he was made the Director or Assistant Secretary of War and Supreme Chief of the Republican Army on September 28,
Arousing the vy of the other gerals who were fighting since the first phase of the Revolution. Meanwhile, Luna felt that bureaucratic placebos were being thrown his way wh all he wanted was to organize and discipline the thusiastic but ill-fed and ill-trained troops into a real army.
Heneral Luna (2015)
Luna would be one of the elected represtatives and was narrowly defeated by Pedro Paterno as Presidt of the Congress with a vote of 24–23.
Seeing the need for a military school, in October 1898, Luna established a military academy at Malolos, known as the Academia Militar, which was the precursor of the prest Philippine Military Academy. He appointed Colonel Manuel Bernal Sityar, a mestizo who was formerly a lieutant serving the Civil Guard, as superintdt. He recruited other mestizos and Spaniards who had fought in the Spanish army during the 1896 Revolution for training. However, the academy had to be suspded indefinitely by March 1899 due to the outbreak of the Philippine–American War.
Group showing some of Luna's aides: Geral Manuel Tinio (seated, cter), Geral Bito Natividad (seated, 2nd from right), Geral Jose Alejandrino (seated, 2nd from left)
Heneral Luna Presentation
A score of veteran officers became teachers at his military school. Luna devised two courses of instruction, planned the reorganization, with a battalion of tiradores and a cavalry squadron, set up an invtory of guns and ammunition, arsals, using convts and town halls, quartermasters, lookouts and communication systems. He built trches with the help of his chief gineer, Geral Jose Alejandrino, and had his brother Juan design the school's uniforms (the Filipino rayadillo). He also insisted on strict discipline over and above clan armies and regional loyalties, which prevted coordination betwe various military units.
Convinced that the fate of the infant Republic should be a contest for the minds of Filipinos, Luna turned to journalism to strgth Filipino minds with the ideas of nationhood and the need to fight the Americans. He decided to publish a newspaper, La Indepdcia.
This four-page daily was filled with articles, short stories, patriotic songs and poems. The staff was installed in one of the coaches of the train that ran from Manila to Pangasinan. The paper came out in September 1898 and was an instant success. A movable feast of information, humor, and good writing, 4, 000 copies were printed,
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